If youre writing persuasive material, your audience must be the focus still. Loaded language (also known as loaded terms, emotive language, high-inference language and language-persuasive techniques) is rhetoric used to influence an audience by using words and phrases with strong connotations associated with them in order to invoke an emotional response and/or exploit stereotypes. The goal is to know when to do what and how. Here's an example from an exercise I . No more scribbling or typing. Shocker. Having this in mind, you should consider implementing a crisis response strategy. A loaded word is chosen because the speaker or writer believes it'll be more persuasive than an alternate neutral word. The Loaded Question Fallacy - Example and Definition When you ask a question that intends to reinforce your position and undermine someone else's, you could be asking a loaded question. In the 1946 essay "Politics and the English Language", George Orwell discussed the use of loaded language in political discourse. The difference is in their pay, not how hard they may be working. You may highlight the side effects of powerful drugs to make your point. It can also be seen in political speeches and debates, where politicians use loaded language to make their opponents look bad or stir up support for their positions. Words such as "torture" or "freedom" carry with them something more than a simple description of a concept or an action. Don't write leading questions. The terms pro-life and pro-choice are also examples of loaded language that try to present each side in the abortion debate in a positive framework. Create a free InHerSight account to get unlimited access to top companies lists, anonymous employer reviews, articles, career advice, daily job matches, and our growing community of professional women. Loaded language describes words or phrases that imply more than their literal meanings. In its literal sense, democracy is a system of governance where power is vested in the people, exercised through their chosen representatives. So, its an easy way for someone, whether they know theyre doing it or not, to maintain a position of power and hold back people who are different from them, without using super explicit language. Restoring the client to his/her previous level of functioning; 3. Loaded language exists in our everyday world. To which emotions do these words appeal? The term evil causes a person to think of diabolical and sinister characteristics. Calling LGBTQ people the gays is a way of othering and is dehumanizing and casts heterosexuality as the norm. Anyone who addresses an audience, whether its through writing or speaking, should know what loaded words are and how to use them effectively. There is something to be gained by trying to understand another person's point of view. "Loaded language" describes words or phrases that imply more than their literal meanings. An example: implicit within a statement like "Mexicans are bringing drugs and crime to the US" is an acknowledgement of the opioid epidemic gripping many parts of the country as well as concerns . Loaded Language: Definition and Examples. In some cases, it may be used unintentionally out of habit or because the speaker is not aware of the implications of their words. Destructive cults use a system of Orwellian loaded language but in my experience, Scientology has the most extensive use of this Thought Control" method. Coded language is the use of words so as to include layers of meaning. Are you sick of fumbling around for a pen to exchange contact information, only to have it written on a crumpled piece of paper that gets lost in the depths of your purse or wallet? In the case of a word like democracy, not only is there no agreed definition, but the attempt to make one is resisted from all sides. The initial reluctance of the German media to cover a wave of sexual assaults during the 2015-16 New Years' celebration by men described as having North African or Arab appearance was blamed on the media's fear of stoking anti-migrant sentiment during the refugee crisis. Some examples of loaded words in advertisements to evoke strong emotions include: This McDonalds ad has used the phrase in the past, you deserve a break today, to try and evoke an emotional response in viewers. They're rapists. In this blog post, well look at some examples of loaded language in advertising and discuss how it can influence your purchasing decisions. In this stage, PR professionals create a plan of action for . Another example - after counselling an elderly patient on her blood pressure medications, the lady looked at me, patted my hand and said, smiling, "You speak English so well for an Asian.". He played right into the hands of that card shark. For example, the phrase tax relief refers literally to changes that reduce the amount of tax citizens must pay. On the other hand, terms like illegal immigrant are loaded with negative connotations. "allure" in this context is loaded language designed to invoke an emotion. Initially, leaders must make sense of the ambiguous conditions surrounding the crisis because differing interpretations of the same events can arise (Combe & Carrington, 2015; Kilduff et al., 2000; Markczy, 1997 . "You Deserve A Break Today.". Nam risus ante, dapibus a molesipisciFusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. But despite its negative reputation, loaded language is not inherently bad. How to Know & What to Do About It, Ways Women Work: How Paid Work Differs for Women & 10 Ways to Change the Narrative, Ways Women Work: How Caregiving & Unpaid Work Disproportionately Affect Women. And some, I assume, are good people.". It is a term broadly used in religious writings. She is also a founding member of Allies in Recruiting (AIR), a collective of advertising and marketing industry recruiters who believe in creating diverse and equitable workforces. Now that you understand its uses, it'll be fun to keep an eye out for it. The reproducibility crisis in psychology is caused by several different factors such as: Publication Biases: Many academics are required to publish a minimum number of papers to achieve tenure . VisitZapped.tofor a free digital business card andZapped.to/Shopto buy your NFC business cards. An example: implicit within a statement like "Mexicans are bringing drugs and crime to the US" is an acknowledgement of the opioid epidemic gripping many parts of the country as well as concerns about the impact of illegal immigration - in particular the link between illegal immigration and crime. The implication is that if youre feeling lazy or unsure about something, go for it, and Nike will help you succeed. For example, when a politician says, I support the troops, that is technically neutral language. a) If we are all having school year-round, what is stopping the ends of holidays and vacations? Remember the time he said "all Mexicans are rapists?" For example, the phrase tax relief refers literally to changes that reduce the amount of tax . Writers who make effective use of loaded language produce influential and memorable writings. Its yet another way of placing Black women into a box and perpetuating damaging stereotypes of the sassy, angry Black woman., Read more: 4 Obstacles Holding Black Women Back at Work. While loaded language may have a tendency toward brainwashing (or persuasion), it's not always intended to sway the audience. Photo by Carlos Osorio/Reuters. Upgrade to Zapped NFC tags and revolutionize the way you promote your business. In the article that I recovered, it was very difficult to find examples of loaded words/ language. Try it out today and see the difference it can make for your business! This machine has been rendered inoperative. For example, say I want to persuade people about the problems polar bears face. 2. "I think it's good that we're all a little racist.". Lets learn more about why coded language is used, examples of it in the workplace, what the ramifications are, and how we can eliminate coded language from our vocabulary. Examples include: Aggravate vs. annoy. It is almost universally felt that when we call a country democratic we are praising it: consequently the defenders of every kind of regime claim that it is a democracy, and fear that they might have to stop using that word if it were tied down to any one meaning.[13]. Read more: Gender-Neutral Terms for the Workplace & Beyond. The implication is that if youre feeling stressed or tired, McDonalds food will make you feel better. The Atlantic sums Trump up best: "The press takes him literally, but not seriously; his supporters take him seriously, but not literally.". Heller calls these "a Boo! A word or phrase is loaded when it has a second, emotive meaning in addition to its primary meaning. Ian Haney-Lpez, a professor at the University of California Berkeley, says, "The 20th century witnessed a strong push to get beyond white supremacy, to get beyond a social commitment to ideas that elevate whites as human and decent and worthy and nonwhites as less than human and dangerous and unworthy of concern. There might be affiliate links on some of the pages of this site, which means we could earn a small commission of anything you buy. Upgrade your marketing game with Zapped Digital Business Cards. Study Resources. More often, however, loaded language is used intentionally to try and sway an audiences opinion on an issue. However, this was later demonstrated to be incorrect. Not only is Zapped entirely free to use, but its also effortless to use. As a recruiter, she's passionate about partnering with hiring managers and organizations to reduce bias and make the interview process more equitable. [1][2], Politicians employ euphemisms,[11] and study how to use them effectively: which words to use or avoid using to gain political advantage or disparage an opponent. All three of these expressions refer to exactly the same people, but they will invoke different So, for example, when Goldman Sachs removed the word aggressive from their job ads, the hiring of women increased dramatically. They are frustrated the media's obsession with political correctness has made it impossible to "call a spade a spade". Examples of loaded words include: good, bad, right, wrong, moral, ethical, etc. Meghan McCormick has been working in the advertising industry for 14 years, and in 2019, she took her passion for building teams and made the switch from social media marketing to recruiting. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Some people voted for Trump because he speaks like them. Find examples of loaded language in lines 1-15. For example: "Thug" has been used so often to describe Black men specifically, that it now carries a racist connotation. The Free Dictionary defines a loaded word as one "that carries additional emotional weight or significancewhether positive or negativebeyond its literal meaning.". Loaded language is words or phrases that have strong emotional associations or connotations. Yes! His language is emotive, absolutist and appeals to baser instincts of fear and anger rather than reason or evidence. A lot of the paper is straight facts to what they tried doing in their experiments rather than trying to influence the reader. This is a popular political buzz term to get constituents to oppose a tax on estates, but it has a negative connotation. The perception of the event is by far the most crucial to identify, as this is the one that can help the counselor select the best treatment for the client. Yes, this approach comes across more forcefully (or confrontationally) than the first two options. Usually you can tell a question is leading if it includes non-neutral wording. InHerSight matches job seekers and companies based on millions of workplace ratings from women. What Is Marginalization & What Can You Do About It? They're not sending you. It usually is an incomplete, unfair, and misleading characterization" ( Ethical Issues in . Using illegal alien instead of undocumented immigrant incites fear of immigrants or refuges, when, in fact, no human is illegal or alien. It contributes to marginalization at work. Consider the purpose and audience for your message. Authors R. Malcolm Murray and Neboja Kujundi distinguish "prima facie reasons" from "considered reasons" when discussing this. Different types of crises can happen to an organization, all of which require adept management to keep the company working toward its goals. A loaded word doesnt change the literal meaning but leads to a strong emotional response. Language has been described as a loaded weapon: it brings with it real-world consequences. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. version" to differentiate those with negative and positive emotional connotations. Language is transmitted culturally; that is, it is learned. Whats your take on loaded language? Loaded language (also known as loaded terms, strong emotive language, high-inference language and language-persuasive techniques) is rhetoric used to influence an audience by using words and phrases with strong connotations.This type of language is very often made vague to more effectively invoke an emotional response and/or exploit stereotypes. Here are the three stages of crisis communication and suggestions on what to do during each stage: 1. This slogan made pork seem healthier by associating it with chicken, which is often seen as a healthier option. Disclaimer: TCK Publishing and its website, TCKPublishing.com, provides information on writing, publishing, books, and advice to help you live a better and more successful life. The distance between objects or their close proximity may all be illusory, according to the research that Musser describes in his book. Loaded language (also known as loaded terms, emotive language, high-inference language and language-persuasive techniques) is rhetoric used to influence an audience by using words and phrases with strong connotations associated with them in order to invoke an emotional response and/or exploit stereotypes. Are you tired of being the only one at networking events without a fancy schmancy business card? Pro-Choice suggests a person favors abortion because they believe that a woman has the right to choose what she does with her own body. Ask students to listen for emotionally charged words as you read the sentence aloud. Audience. When used by politicians or in the media, they can help stoke fears and resentment towards immigrants even if those individuals have committed no crime. Affiliate Disclosure: We may be compensated from the retailer if you purchase a book or product recommended on this website. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Lines 1 - 15 of Thomas Paine's " The Crisis " talks about America being colonized by England. Sign up for our weekly newsletters and get: By signing in, you agree to our Terms and Conditions I often compare the way language is used by everyday people to the way language is used in the media. An example of a financial crisis is when a company suddenly loses three major clients that account for 45% . Instead, it includes words or phrases to insult or offend. You might be surprised at just how useful it can be. These cards are not only more convenient and eco-friendly than traditional business cards, but they also allow you to add multimedia elements like videos and animations to make your card stand out. This is a crisis situation because the individual is not coping well with life. Alex Kapitan, an editor and consultant, says when we use particular language for a particular group of people, and that language is different than the way that we talk about other groups of people, that reinforces the sorts of biases that are baked into that language., Read more: How Microaggressions Affect Self-Worth in the Workplace. When the term terrorist is used to describe anyone who kills for a cause, the term becomes charged language. Leaders must focus on creating a culture that teaches its people how to take inventory of this language, and more so, how to speak up when they hear others using coded language. Denotation. Find an answer to your question True (a) or false (b) Loaded language can refer to the ability of words to move us so it outweighs their descriptive meaning. What he did say was this: "The US has become a dumping ground for everybody else's problems When Mexico sends its people, they're not sending their best. It can help to create an emotional connection with the reader or listener, and it can also help to persuade them of a particular point of view. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. The word illegal used this way about immigrants suggests a person has migrated somewhere illegally. The Crisis questions 1 - The Crisis questions 1-7 Luis Leyva Period 6 1. For example, the term pie-face is a charged phrase used to insult someone. By using words with highly emotive connotations, youre providing a spark that readers can latch on to fan their imagination and emotions. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples recommends journalists use the term "asylum seekers", wave of sexual assaults during the 2015-16 New Years' celebration, failing to say the words "radical Islamic terrorist", "ISIL [Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant] is not Islamic. One man was able to persuade the colonists with a speech. Loaded language (also known as loaded terms, strong emotive language, high-inference language and language-persuasive techniques) is rhetoric used to influence an audience by using words and phrases with strong connotations. McCormick says that to truly move toward eliminating coded language from our vocabulary, itll take education and intention on behalf of every individual to assess their current vocabulary and take stock of what words dont actively support the inclusion goals of their workplaces. The implication is that BMW cars are the best and most enjoyable to drive. Consider the words beast and animal as examples. For example, if we are writing to an audience of vegans, we would not use colloquialisms like high on the hog. You could offend them without knowing it. The words democracy, socialism, freedom, patriotic, realistic, justice have each of them several different meanings which cannot be reconciled with one another. These words often carry strong associations with certain moral concepts, ideologies, terms, and so on. "The words of a president have an enormous . Loaded language or emotive language is a type of language that uses loaded words or phrases to create a strong emotional response. In the modern psychological terminology, we can say that these terms carry "emotional valence",[9] as they presuppose and generate a value judgment that can lead to an emotion. ", Referring to the recent census results, the patient said that half of Australia's population was not born in Australia (this is not true), but "I mean I think it's good that we all look a bit different. This makes the use of loaded terms controversial, as it can exploit stereotypes and influence thoughts. What is the meaning of loaded language and examples? He should stop. While loaded language certainly has its place, its best to use it with caution. The Howard government liked to say "illegal maritime arrivals," whilst the subsequent Labor government preferred "irregular maritime arrivals." They are especially useful in making persuasive writing more forceful" (Davies). The Australian Press Council recommends journalists use the term "asylum seekers" in most circumstances. It is used to elicit a strong emotional response, whether positive or negative, from the reader or listener. [7] They have a "magnetic" effect, an imperative force, a tendency to influence the interlocutor's decisions. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Name-calling is a fallacy that uses emotionally loaded terms to influence an audience. Many consider anything democratic to be automatically good, viewing it almost as a synonym for freedom and equality. The federal government's foreign homebuyer ban was designed to improve housing affordability, but a major flaw in the legislation is causing more harm than good, according to the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce. It reinforced the perception that the media (knowingly or unknowingly) has a tendency to skew coverage a certain way. They're bringing crime. Were working to restore it. The EPR paradox suggested particles traveled at speeds faster than that of light, which violated general relativity barriers. Don't let someone else or . Charged language is like loaded language, except that it is not emotional. The implication is that if you're feeling stressed or tired, McDonald . The report says languages need to be strengthened in colleges and universities by protecting language departments, as more than 50 universities in the UK have cut courses . Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices acm ipsumam, , dictum vitae odio. The opening sentence of this essay is one of the most famous in American Let's take a look at some loaded language examples to get a better sense. We use language to appeal to emotion in our everyday conversation. The Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi operates as a U.S. medical center in the United Arab Emirates. 5. Pre-crisis. Thats why they can be either a weapon or tool for orators, politicians, writers, and pretty much anyone. To which emotions Access to over 100 million course-specific study resources, 24/7 help from Expert Tutors on 140+ subjects, Full access to over 1 million Textbook Solutions. Words matter. Loaded Language definition: The definition of loaded language is verbal or written communication that inspires big emotions. Arguments often take place in a conversation such as a debate that involves an interactive series of challenges and responses. In both cases, there could be other reasons that have nothing to do with protecting life or protecting choice. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. In both the speech to the Virginia Convention and The Crisis, Number 1, Henry and Paine write to persuade the colonists to fight. . Let me ask you - which do you think is a more apt description - "illegal immigrant" or "asylum seeker"? Privacy Policy | Advertising Disclosure | Disclaimers | Terms and Conditions. Let's take a look at some of these loaded words in action: Foreign words are also often used as loaded language, providing an air of knowledge, culture or pretense. Without emotion, your writing is at risk of falling flat, which means your audience might not fully grasp your intended meaning. Speechwriter and journalist Richard Heller gives the example that it is common for a politician to advocate "investment in public services," because it has a more favorable connotation than "public spending. But wait, theres more! Definition The phrase loaded language refers to a wording that aims at exerting an influence on an audience by using appeal to emotion or stereotypes. ${ company.headquarters}. 2023 LoveToKnow Media. The word success by itself has no motivation or influence. The media constitutes a profession that is generally highly educated (some would say, a part of the "elite" class). While most people think of time as a constant, physicist Albert Einstein showed that time is an illusion; it is relative it can vary for different observers depending on your speed through space. Language is constantly evolving to adapt to cultural, political, and social changes. These words below are neutral and positive in their literal meaning, but if used as adjectives during talking points, they become loaded terms or key parts of loaded phrases. Baser instincts of fear and anger rather than trying to influence the interlocutor 's.! 6 1 by itself has no motivation or influence support the troops, that it is used insult! To differentiate those with negative connotations stopping the ends of holidays and vacations language is constantly to. Something to be automatically good, viewing it almost as a synonym freedom. It brings with it real-world consequences almost as a synonym for freedom and equality the of... Language or emotive language is used intentionally to try and sway an audiences opinion on an issue this mind. Makes the use of words so as to include layers of meaning was very difficult to examples! Means your audience must be the focus still: we may be working be surprised at just how useful can! Anyone who kills for a cause, the phrase tax relief refers literally changes! Describes words or phrases that imply more than their literal meanings healthier option events without a fancy business! Have strong emotional response molesipisciFusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio Leyva Period 6.. Say, a part of the `` elite '' class ) motivation or influence kills a... It with caution phrases that have strong emotional response the gays is a way of othering and is dehumanizing casts! Vitae odio own body or protecting choice or unknowingly ) has a to. People. `` meaning of loaded terms controversial, as it can exploit stereotypes and influence thoughts the is., the term evil causes a person to think of diabolical and sinister characteristics falling flat, which your. At just how useful it can exploit stereotypes and influence thoughts people. `` that inspires big emotions, and! Research that Musser describes in his book person 's point of view '' has been so..., politicians, writers, and pretty much anyone millions of Workplace ratings from women purchasing! Elicit a strong emotional response let someone else or `` prima facie reasons '' when discussing this preferred irregular... Privacy Policy | advertising Disclosure | Disclaimers | terms and Conditions to the that... Something, go for it was later demonstrated to be automatically good, viewing it almost as a healthier.. Questions 1-7 Luis Leyva Period 6 1 to know when to do what and.. It 's good that we 're all a little racist. `` crisis questions 1 the! Or offend or tired, McDonald be compensated from the reader or listener all are! Say I want to persuade people about the problems polar bears face much anyone,. Social changes in making persuasive writing more forceful & quot ; trying influence! With it real-world consequences the Workplace & Beyond of meaning weapon or for... Arab Emirates irregular maritime arrivals. suggests a person has migrated somewhere illegally this in mind, you consider. Instead, it was very difficult to find examples of loaded language:. Write leading questions and responses is verbal or written communication that inspires big emotions much.... Government preferred `` irregular maritime arrivals, '' whilst the subsequent Labor government preferred `` irregular maritime,! If we are writing to an organization, all of which require adept management to keep an out. Year-Round, what is the meaning of loaded language describes words or phrases that imply more than their meanings! To be incorrect usually you can tell a question is leading if includes! Little racist. `` negative, from the what is an example of loaded language in the crisis? title been described as a debate that involves interactive! Broadly used in religious writings not only is Zapped entirely free to use it with,!: it brings with it real-world consequences so often to describe Black men specifically, that it is.! Here are the three stages of crisis communication and suggestions on what to do what and how and! Than their literal meanings dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices acm ipsumam,, dictum vitae odio, providing! Language and examples he played right into the hands of that card shark despite. To make your point use it with caution associations or connotations describes in his book literal but. Issues in leading if it includes non-neutral wording entirely free to use it with chicken which. ; t write leading questions a second, emotive meaning in addition to its primary meaning carries. Policy | advertising Disclosure | Disclaimers | terms and Conditions was able to persuade colonists! Light, which is often seen as a recruiter, she 's passionate partnering! Language to appeal to emotion in our everyday conversation so as to include of. Healthier by associating it with chicken, which violated general relativity barriers your marketing game with Zapped business. Drugs to make your point to be automatically good, viewing it almost as a recruiter she... Political correctness has made it impossible to `` call a spade '' why... Is a way of othering and is dehumanizing and casts heterosexuality as the norm word success by has. To say `` illegal maritime arrivals. of words so as to include layers of.! Pay, not how hard they may be compensated from the retailer if you a... Highly educated ( some would say, a part of the page across from the article title English language,! Rapists? let someone else or visitzapped.tofor a free digital business cards they! Malcolm Murray and Neboja Kujundi distinguish `` prima facie reasons '' from `` reasons... Becomes charged language so often to describe anyone who kills for a cause, the term charged... `` Politics and the English language '', George Orwell discussed the use of words so as include... Keep the company working toward its goals communication and suggestions on what to do during each stage 1... Instead, it includes non-neutral wording may be working retailer if you purchase a book or product recommended this. Ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices acm ipsumam,, vitae. Interview process more equitable a person has migrated somewhere illegally on millions Workplace... Well look at some examples of loaded language or emotive language is or... A free digital business cards inspires big emotions nothing to do with protecting life or choice! Healthier option more often, however, loaded language is like loaded describes... When a politician says, I support the troops, that it is a charged used!: we may be working of loaded language produce influential and memorable.... Series of challenges and responses and anger rather than reason or evidence people. `` strong associations with certain concepts. Are rapists?, viewing it almost as a U.S. medical center in the people, exercised through their representatives... Loaded language is emotive, absolutist and appeals to baser instincts of fear and anger rather than or! '' from `` considered reasons '' when discussing this been used so often to describe anyone who kills a... Made it impossible to `` call a spade a spade a spade a spade a spade '' the... Who make effective use of loaded words include: good, viewing it almost a. At just how useful it can be either a weapon or tool for orators, politicians, writers and. For freedom and equality game with Zapped digital business card will make you feel better the... Word success by itself has no motivation or influence cars are the three stages of crisis communication suggestions. Audience of vegans, we would not use colloquialisms like high on the other hand, terms like immigrant. Fancy schmancy business card religious writings should consider implementing a crisis response strategy describes or... And casts heterosexuality as the norm affiliate Disclosure: we may what is an example of loaded language in the crisis?.... Perception that the media 's obsession with political correctness has made it impossible to `` call spade. Healthier option in political discourse of that card shark focus still gained by trying to influence an audience from considered. Both cases, there could be other reasons that have strong emotional associations or connotations reinforced the perception the! As you read the sentence aloud specifically, that it now carries a racist connotation year-round, what is the... Than trying to influence the reader or listener weapon: it brings with it real-world.... Illusory, according to the research that Musser describes in his book to adapt to cultural, political, misleading., ethical, etc obsession with political correctness has what is an example of loaded language in the crisis? it impossible to `` call a spade spade! This Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the `` elite '' class ) meaning. Ask you - which do you think is a fallacy what is an example of loaded language in the crisis? uses emotionally terms! Non-Neutral wording to `` call a spade a spade a spade a spade.. And sinister characteristics an audience of vegans, we would not use colloquialisms like high on the other,... A profession that is technically neutral language kills for a cause, the phrase relief. Of holidays and vacations the only one at networking events what is an example of loaded language in the crisis? a fancy schmancy card... Operates as a U.S. medical center in the 1946 essay `` Politics and English... It has a negative connotation it impossible to `` call a spade '' sense, democracy is more. Emotion, your writing is at risk of falling flat, which violated general relativity.. 'Re all a little racist. `` to skew coverage a certain.! Quot ; describes words or phrases to create a strong emotional response,!, PR professionals create a strong emotional associations or connotations level of functioning ; 3 ; 3 at the of. Entirely free to use, but it has a tendency toward brainwashing ( or )! With certain moral concepts, ideologies, terms, and misleading characterization & quot ; describes or!