But for the rest of his reign Henry VII would be plagued by pretenders, persistently rising from the dead. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". Illustrated statistics ; Map ; Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1 . And his patron Morton was infamous as the architect of that kings very successful and subsequently very unpopular tax policy. It was the beginning of a fertile new line. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York), by his wife Isabel Neville. Margaret was a great heiress, grand-daughter of the Earl of Warwick who was known as the Kingmaker. Mores brilliance of mind and curious, kindly character gained him many friends and admirers. Sir Thomas de la Pole was born circa 1378. No one would stage a rebellion in her favour while there were male Yorkists to mount a challenge. Unfortunately for More, Henry appointed him Lord Chancellor of England. Margaret Pole. I decided to investigate anemometers, because I wanted to look at different ways of measuring wind speed. With the accession of the young king uxorious, beautiful and benign England seemed to have entered a golden age: and at his coronation, all the spectators, and presumably Margaret Pole with them, with great reverence, love and desire, said and cried: Yea, yea!. Thomas More (1478-1535), lawyer and moral philosopher, is still regarded by many Catholics as the quintessential good man. EDWARD STAFFORD, THIRD DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, eldest son of Henry Stafford, second Duke of Buckingham, was born at Brecknock Castle on 3 Feb. 1477-8. Mores wife had been like most women of her time ill-educated, and during their brief marriage, he taught her Latin and other subjects. Nevertheless, she was taken from her cell to the place within the precincts of the Tower of London where a low wooden block had been prepared instead of the customary scaffold.[5]. In theory, after she married, a womans personal property and real estate were at her husbands disposal. (We should note, however, that More brilliant and perceptive was never especially comfortable in his kings good graces. For example, as Lord Chancellor, More proclaimed the opinion of the English universities as favorable to the kings annulment. And he was a father who insisted his three daughters have the same education as his son. He moved into the Carthusian monastery adjoining Lincolns Inn and participated in the monks way of life as much as he could, while still pursuing his legal career. In 1554, Mary reversed the attainder against Reginald Pole, and he was ordained as a priest in 1556 and finally consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1556. Pierces book is thorough and scholarly, and her work is acknowledged in Higginbothams biography, which is less detailed, but serious and judicious. More would stand trial for his life. And why such an obvious and clumsy admission? His months of peace ended in 1533, when he refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn. One of her children, Reginald Pole, would go on to become a cardinal, and then . Ten years on, her situation was more difficult to negotiate. She was the Spanish princess, Katharine of Aragon, one of the daughters of the Catholic rulers of Spain. The 8-episode season follows Catherine of Aragon (Charlotte Hope) and King Henry VIII's (Ruari O'Connor) tumultuous marriage. Soon, young Edward, a potential York claimant to the throne, was moved to the Tower of London. Apainting in the National Portrait Gallery offers a grey-white face, long, guarded, medieval, remote: unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. Her father was Shakespeares false, fleeting, perjured Clarence, who died in the Tower of London at the age of 29, attainted for treason and supposedly drowned in a butt of malmsey. He was sentenced to a traitors death to be drawn, hanged, and quartered but the king changed it to beheading. He had an illegitimate son, called Henry Fitzroy, by one of his early mistresses. And when the English clergy were forced to acknowledge Henry as the supreme head of their church, More attempted to resign his office. Thomas More: A very brief history June 29, 2017; Henry VIII's Westminster Tournament 1511 June 5, 2017; Henry Tudor had the real Warwick in custody, and was able to produce him, so the rebellion came to nothing. Did she plot against the crown? Those two could only get along for short while before things got heated. More had already begun writing his History of King Richard III as well; it is considered the first masterpiece of English history and is wholly pro-Tudor. See me safe up, he told the lieutenant who escorted him, and for my coming down let me shift for myself.. Her heads. Her early years are obscure. Reginald replied to books Henry sent him with his own pamphlet, pro ecclesiasticae unitatis defensione, or de unitate, which denied Henry's position on the marriage of a brother's wife and denied royal supremacy. It was sumptuously furnished and built of brick a modern material but moated, crenellated, archaic in form. It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. As Englands premier intellectual, Mores opinion mattered. Shrewsbury Cathedral, she is in the fourth window in front of John Fisher. Her son Reginald described himself afterwards as son of a martyr and in 1886, Pope Leo XIII had Margaret Pole beatified as a martyr. Ironically, it was his own honesty and probity which ensured his continued service to Henry. Robert Bolt, A Man for All Seasons: A Play in Two Acts. Basically, they disliked and mistrusted one another. She was a decade and a half younger than he was, and he never seems to have felt anything more than a brotherly affection for her. Henry VII also decided, about that time, to marry the 15-year-old Margaret to his half-cousin, Sir Richard Pole. His personal life remained placid and content. (2020, August 26). We can't imagine how Margaret was feeling, she was 65 years of age when brought to the tower in 1539, an advanced age by the standards of the day. Elizabeth of York, who married John De la Pole was George's sister - making Margaret Pole, Elizabeth's aunt. More importantly, he developed a personal relationship with Henry VIII, and because known as the kings intellectual courtier. She spent much of her time at Warblington, where she was nicely placed, in the event of an invasion, to help the rebels against Henry; or so you thought, if you were one of Henrys councillors. (Margarets paternal aunt, Margaret of Burgundy, supported Perkin Warbecks conspiracy, hoping to restore the Yorkists to power.) The following poem was found carved on the wall of her cell: For traitors on the block should die; Margaret Poles death, notoriously, was not a clean end. The relationship between the King and Margaret wavered a bit in 1518 when Henry repossessed some of her Salisbury lands saying they belonged to the duchy of Somerset. It was time to be rid of Warwick. It seems Margaret was questioned about her contacts with Barton, but she came to no harm as a result and, unlike Gertrude, she escaped without grovelling. Born in 1473 into a world of bloody dynastic feuds, she survived under the first Tudor and thrived under the second, until she and her family, long suspected of plots against the regime, were destroyed. In 1504, More was elected to Parliament and one of his first acts was to oppose Henry VIIs request of a grant of three-fifteenths. She was no longer, though, the sort of influence Henry wished for his daughter. Margaret Pole was one of only two women in the 16 th century to hold a peerage in her own right. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. She was sentenced to death, to be executed at the king's will. Biography. Rebecca Benson as Margaret Pole in The White Princess (2017)(Screenshot/Fair Use) Margaret Plantagenet was born on 14 August 1473 at Farleigh Castle near Bath as the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville. 3. It was then discovered that More had written to John Fisher, the bishop of Rochester, who was also imprisoned in the Tower for not taking the oath. Then, her prayers completed, she faced the incompetent axeman. Edward was briefly displayed in public at St Paul's Cathedral in 1487 in response to the presentation of the impostor Lambert Simnel as the "Earl of Warwick" to the Irish lords. You see, we speak of being anchored to our principles. This was an obvious lie; More had never said anything of the sort to any other visitor, why Rich? Margaret's relationship with Henry VIII, must have been good. It was during this trip that he began to write Utopia, his most famous work. Ursula Pole, Baroness Stafford the daughter of Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury and Sir Richard Pole. Please change your browser settings to allow Javascript content to run. It was not so much a letter as a small book. He waited five days before being summoned to the scaffold on Tower Hill. And so, when More returned from a diplomatic mission to France in summer 1527, the king laid the open Bible before his favorite councilor. As widows, or as deputies to living husbands, they handled complex legal and financial affairs with aplomb, while assenting outwardly at least to their status as irrational and inferior beings. When not at Court, Margaret lived chiefly at Warblington Castle in Hampshire and Bisham Manor in Berkshire. Best Known For: Thomas More is known for his 1516 book . The two children were of use to him; their maternal family, the Nevilles, commanded allegiance in the north. Shortly thereafter, (probably in November 1487) Henry VII gave Margaret in marriage to his cousin, Sir Richard Pole, whose mother was a half-sister of the king's mother, Margaret Beaufort. This discovery resulted in removal of Mores books and writing materials. His work at Bruges and, later, Calais, as well as his continuing duties as undersheriff in London, were clear evidence of his skill and popularity. His position at court meant that he was to be the kings advocate before parliament. The kings mother, Margaret Beaufort, was protective of young brides; her own body had been wrecked by a pregnancy at 13. He badgered Katharine ceaselessly. The honor was tremendous; notably, More was the first layman to hold the office. Today we know Sir Thomas More primarily as the author of Utopia, and as one of the more famous martyrs of Henry VIIIs reign. Among his guests, in fact, was the king himself. It was Mores execution far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole which established the kings reputation for capricious cruelty. He grew up cultivated and cosmopolitan, sensitive, lively-minded. She is a close student of the sources, and careful not to stuff her novels with false excitements. He blundered badly, hacking at Margaret's neck and shoulders until she was dead. Or was there, as she claimed, nothing worth burning? Of the many executions ordered by Henry VIII, surely the most horrifying was that of sixty-seven-year-old Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, hacked to pieces on the scaffold by a blundering headsman. For at least five years, Montagu, Exeter and others had been passing information to the emperor through his ambassador, urging the invasion of England, and Reginald himself had assured the readers of his 1536 letter that a host of disaffected subjects were lurking within the realm, ready to support the invaders against Henry as soon as foreign troops landed. Now he decided to seriously test his religious convictions. On 1 July 1535, he was indicted on high treason. Margaret's only surviving sibling was Edward, Earl of Warwick. The resulting trial was mere show; despite his impassioned and brilliant defense, no one ever expected More to be found anything other than guilty. . Margaret de la Pole married Sir Robert de Neville, Sheriff of Yorkshire, Constable of Pontefract Castle, son of Sir Robert de Neville and Joan de Atherton, before September 1344. Tragedy throws her into poverty and rebellion against the new royal family, luck restores her to her place at court where she becomes the chief lady-in-waiting to Queen Katherine and watches the dominance of the Spanish queen over her husband, and her fall. Margaret Pole was the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, brother to Edward IV, and a leading figure in the Wars of the Roses. Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was born at Farley Castle, near Bath, on 14th August, in or about the year 1473. "Pole, Margaret Plantagenet, Bl." Elizabeth Darrell, later Thomas Wyatts mistress, refused the oath; Lady Hussey, wife of one of Marys household, was imprisoned because she would not accept Marys exclusion from the succession and insisted on addressing her as a princess. However, things suddenly change in May 1541 when a decision was made to execute her. Sir Thomas having continued a Prisoner in the Tower somewhere more than a Twelvemonth, for he was committed about the middle of April 1534, and was brought to his Trial on the 7th of May, 1535. he went into the Court leaning on his Staff, because he was much weakened by his Imprisonment, but appeared with a cheerful and composed Countenance. Margaret would have been too young to remember her mother, and it is likely that she was brought up within her fathers princely household, then after his execution lived with her cousins, the many daughters of Edward IV. What a contemporary described as her nobility and goodness soon put her back in royal favour. This blatant disrespect could not be tolerated and Mores name was included in a Bill of Attainder against Elizabeth Barton, the Holy Maid of Kent, who had prophesized against the kings annulment. International It stated that all who were called upon must take an oath acknowledging Anne as Henrys wife and their future children as legitimate heirs to the throne. After several months, he was visited by Cromwell, but More refused to engage him in debate and merely declared himself a faithful subject of the king. She also had restored to her the title to the Earldom of Salisbury. At Bisham, where her forebears had founded a monastery, the remains of her executed brother lay with those of her grandfather the Kingmaker, slaughtered at the Battle of Barnet. Wolsey was destined to die for his failure to secure the annulment. Such was his reputation that the the great universities Oxford and Cambridge made him high steward. For a time, she and her younger brother were in the care of their maternal aunt, Anne Neville, who was married to their paternal uncle, Richard of Gloucester. After the first round of questioning she was held in custody at Cowdray, Fitzwilliams house. 1 Through his father he was descended from Edward III's son, Thomas of Woodstock, and his mother was Catherine Woodville, sister of Edward IV's queen, Elizabeth Woodville; she afterwards married Henry VII's uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford. A Bill of Attainder disinherited Margaret and her younger brother, Edward, and removed them from the line of succession. Christ in Thy Mercy, save Thou me! Even as he secretly wore a hair shirt, he openly and consistently fasted, prayed, and maintained a relatively modest household. Margaret's third son, Reginald Pole, studied abroad in Padua. In April 1523, he was elected speaker of the House of Commons. But to Mores credit, he made an impassioned plea for greater freedom of speech in parliament. European rulers keen to destabilise England had promoted the claims of this plausible, glamorous young man, but by the summer of 1498 he was in the Tower, about to embark on the last act of his mysterious life. She served later as a governess to Mary. No great European power was willing to commit men or money to this crusade, but their unwillingness was not apparent at the time. London, WC1A 2HN It states that Margaret refused to lay her head on the block, declaiming, "So should traitors do, and I am none". Cardinal and archbishop of Canterbury.Pole was a younger son of Margaret, countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, duke of Clarence: he was therefore of the blood royal and his mother was governess and companion of Princess Mary.Intended from the beginning for the church, he spent 1521-7 on the continent in study. More later memorialized her as uxorcula Thomae Mori; her gentle personality is attested to by Erasmuss letters, as he was a frequent visitor to Mores home. If you use any of the content on this page in your own work, please use the code below to cite this page as the source of the content. Margaret's own favour at Court varied. Margarets later life, at least, is well documented, but we cannot approach her story from the inside. Margaret Pole, or Margaret Plantagenet, was the daughter of the Duke of Clarence, brother of two Plantagenet kings: Edward IV and Richard III, and his wife Lady Isabella Neville, daughter of "Warwick the Kingmaker". She was attended by servants and received an extensive grant of clothing in March 1541. Jan 2016 - Mar 20226 years 3 months. Margaret was stripped of her titles and imprisoned in the Tower of London. She had a dispute over land with Henry VIII in 1518; he awarded the contested lands to the Dukedom of Somerset, which had been held by his Beaufort great-grandfather, and were now in the possession of the Crown. Born on the 14th August 1473, she went on to marry Sir Richard Pole in 1491. Margaret Pole, N B tc ca Salisbury (ting Anh: Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury; 14 thng 8 nm 1473 - 27 thng 5 nm 1541), l mt nh i qu tc Anh quc.B l con gi ca George Plantagenet, Cng tc x Clarence, em trai ca Quc vng Edward IV v anh trai ca Richard III.Margaret l mt trong s t nhng ngi ph . Despite such evidence of royal favor, it is likely that More chafed at his service to the king. Thomas came from wealthy families, from trade (his father was a wealthy baker) and the law. These are not consistent; and ifas he claimed at one pointPole rejected the Divorce in 1526 and refused the Oath of Supremacy in 1531, he received benefits from Henry for a course of action for which others were sentenced to death. That was the beginning of Thomas Mores public career, and it was a telling one. by Susan Higginbotham. It was a housekeeping matter, the French ambassador said; Henry, now with his fifth wife, Katherine Howard, wanted to make a progress north, and to empty the Tower before he set off, either by acts of mercy or the condemnation of detainees. As part of the evidence for the bill of attainder, Cromwell produced a tunic bearing the Five Wounds of Christ, symbolizing Margaret's support for the Church of Rome and the rule of her son, Reginald, and the king's Roman Catholic daughter, Mary. There wasn't any "relationship" as such. Perhaps the contrast with the quiet, gentle Jane was too striking. The former Lord Chancellor Sir Thomas More is beheaded for High Treason after refusing to recognise King Henry VIII's religious supremacy. But in the meantime, More had eighteen months of seclusion and study at his home in Chelsea. Chapuys wrote two weeks after the execution that one hundred and fifty witnesses were present for the execution, including the Lord Mayor of London. Margaret Poles house had been searched in the efforts to find evidence to back of the attainders of those executed. He encouraged them to do so. Even the more sedate accounts agree that, like Thomas Cromwell, she was hacked about by a second-string executioner. The work was a marvel of learning and wit and wholly original; it was soon translated throughout the Continent and its author hailed as one of the foremost Humanist thinkers. 28 Little Russell Street Her mother was one of the greatest heiresses of her time while her father was the younger brother of King Edward IV of England. It was the Act of Succession, passed the following month, that sealed his fate. But in late June she was back at court by the side of Queen Jane, and the king was looking forward to an era of peace and fertility. We do not know. The Imperial Ambassador, Eustace Chapuys, suggested two years later that Mary be handed over to Margaret, but Henry refused, calling her "a fool, of no experience". This More was fully prepared to do. She answered that no crime had been imputed to her. Thomas More was living in his home called The Barge at Bucklersbury, off the east end of Cheapside about 500 yards north of the Thames. After Katherina of Aragon's death, Princess Mary turned toward Margaret Pole as a second mother, and now her father was going to take away this beloved maternal figure from her as well. Inventories paint the picture: tableware of silver and gold, Venetian glass, mother-of-pearl, tapestries portraying the journeys of Ulysses and the discovery of Newfoundland; the countess herself, tall, stately, wears ermine, tawny damask, black satin and black velvet. The skeleton was not complete, but part of the skull had survived, and certain other bones. Since Margaret and her brother, Edward, were debarred from the throne by their father's attainder, their uncle, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was offered the crown and became king as Richard III. 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