Notice that the sixth male child in Borgu has an order of birth name Woru meru, but no corresponding sixth name in b, even though the Borgu one is the first name modified by a determinant. 19 UNESCO, Decision of the Intergovernmental Committee: 9.COM 10.31, Paris, 2014 . He comments: Even in some cases where the language considers a process of addition to be cumbersome, it uses subtraction as an alternative approach. For example, b shares with the rest of the Yorb groups the giving of order of birth names to twins and to single children born after a set of twins, except that, in b, another set of twins following a first set bear the names dn or Akan. 1. Incantations are a powerful tool with their own clear niches distinct from the more damage-focused . Thus, when ambitious princes and entrepreneurs among the Yorb wanted to establish contact with cultures to the south-west, to the far west, and beyond Od ya, the River Niger, Borgu served them as orta, as defined above. It is, of course, conceivable that one or both of these peoples migrated to their present locations and then subscribed to the culture and symbolic codification of the first to arrive, or, through some unknowable conspiracy, to the culture of a third group that we need to identify. Thus, the medium or devotee of an r, in ritual situations and in live ritual processes when the medium is possessed, is referred to as lgn r, one whom the r rides, or as in r, the horse of r.Footnote 38. 22 For a brief account of this myth, see . That would still not leave us with much to support a Persian origin for the Btonu, and certainly not an Egyptian or Judaic one for the Yorb. Consider the data in Table 2.Footnote 14 The list presents the names of boys and girls with the same mother by order of birth. On the one hand, cognate elements that are clearly identifiable argue for an enduring historical relationship between these two peoples; on the other, probative elements that are shared with other peoples and cultures in the sub-region rule out any suggestion of a conspiracy among all of them to migrate from the Middle East to West Africa in some discoverable historical past. Dog names often take the form of axiomatic gnomic expressions, as shown in Table 4. by jamace ( m ): 10:11pm On Jan 15, 2009. Even where power and authority are concerned, the horse we empowers both the source of the information and the people as the ultimate fountainhead of authority, as the phrases below suggest: in ppr k mn ju ni t gn n l, a straw horse does not know the road better than its rider, ni t gbni gin ln k spk lk, the person who puts one on the mount gives one the authority to act the role. And, given the function of the riddle in the epistemological consciousness of a people, we should not be surprised that horse riddles, like horse we and horse metaphors, abound in Yorb and also in Btonu. And we would still be interested in what the lore of both the Btonu and the Yorb allows us to deduce about their common and/or separate past. Names in columns one and two, on the other hand, feature complex predicates, usually referred to as a serial verb construction (the verbs underlined); this is perhaps the distinctive syntactic feature of the languages of the sub-region of Borgu and Yorb. Furthermore, Yorb ba who, according to tradition, may wear the beaded crown carry rkr imbued with their , their mythic power or life force, whenever they are in a position to exercise or dispense that power, such as when seated in state, on ritual occasions, or on formal outings to acknowledge their subjects and bless them. [2]TheEnglish languageborrowed the. It means 'Fear'. Conventional wisdom does not dispute the antiquity of the genetic relationship between the Yorb and the Igbo peoples. Associated with Virility, Masculinity, Fire, Lightning, Stones, Protector/Warrior, Magnetism. for this article. 9 Notice that Sans omits to state that this term is derived from a sequence of formatives, the last of which is, without doubt, r, two. Riddles such as the two below one that alludes to a horse and one that refers directly to a horse occur rather commonly. For instance, the divinatory tray, pn If, has four major quadrants. The rkr from the horse's tail is most suitable for ritual performance purposes, but is unsuitable for babalwo to acknowledge one another at solemn moments, or for dispensing and/or asserting the or effective power, which they alone may deploy during the process of divination. It is used when you want a person to grant your request after a command is made. How many millennia did it take to engender the culture of the Btonu, a people whose once robust population has declined to no more than 400,000 within Nigeria, but that still straddles the BeninNigeria border? Yorb traditionalists claim in their oratory history that rnml taught the people the customs of divination, prayer, dance, symbolic gestures, personal, and communal elevation. Ninety-nine out of one hundred will die (in the fighting) and every man amongst them will say: 'Perhaps I may be the only one to remain alive. We recalibrate some lines of the f as follows: In divinatory settings, one says y m w, Please, interrogate my lot. Also consider yw, which connotes a diagnostic process, or a process of systematic inquiry, when asserted before a physician, an If cognoscente, or anyone equipped with the competence to make prescriptions, with an acknowledged measure of credibility, following a thorough diagnosis. It's also the starting spell for the Prophet Class, so it's ideal if you're struggling with picking a class. And is said to assist in enhancing the power derived from herbal medicines. In Africa there are so many herbs and plants that can be used in healing, that only someone with a "trained eye" can take full advantage of their functions. . We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Neither of these sources, of course, is responsible for any misapprehension or misstatement in what follows. The pre-eminence of representations of the horse in modern Yorb visual art defies explanation, if we assume that contact with the horse occurred as late as the ninth century CE. He was the, reproductive system (male), bone marrow, life force or ashe, lungs, bronchial passages, mucous membranes, Identifying and removing the causes of the illness, and. Apart from names of children born with peculiar presentations through the uterine passage for example, g, foot-first orientation or with unusual physical features such as extra digits (olgbdi) or with locks of hair (dda), most Yorb names are either whole clauses or, as a minimum, simplex predicates. I have no doubt that data from a more systematic inquiry will make us marvel at how a contact purportedly limited to less than eight centuries and based solely on the military use of the horse could have penetrated as deeply into the sinews of Yorb customs and their world view as these expressions, usages and institutional contexts indicate. Furthermore, in putting a value on If objects, beaded rkr (1,200 cowries) ranks after only gr (at 3,200 cowries) and rk, the usually ornately adorned ivory tapper used to invoke rnml at the start of a consultation. Thetis, the sea nymph to Achilles, her son by Peleus: Only yesterday Zeus went off to the Ocean River. The passages at the beginning of this article offer us a compelling reason. At this point, it is best to leave a logical pursuit of this argument to poetic imagination, which favours assigning a remote antiquity beyond any Middle Eastern contact to the Yorb consciousness and epistemology. Source: Table based on . 5 The Flame Of Frenzy In fact, among the Yorb verbal arts, the genre in essence unequivocally but graphically presents whatever idiosyncratic observations, qualities or attributes single out its subject. I therefore do no more than raise questions to which later inquiry may offer answers. The dog is a special member of the Yorb family, and not just in the way that a pet would be, like a tortoise or a parrot. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. How long could it have taken b to adopt this kind of blanket borrowing? The fundamental question is the following: when did each or both of the peoples know about horses? Good wishes are often referred to as prayers/blessings, and negative wishes are often regarded as curses. 33 One to-carry-dancing or carry for ritual purposes/for performance. An ofo is marked by terseness. The formula can be spoken, sung orchanted. How to Free Yourself From Black Magic Spells? jnu expressions point to a pristine contact with the vehicle they refer to: namely, the horse. Again, the relative antiquity of the institution of ba in its y form, and of the office of the Olkn in in particular, interests us here. In order to underscore the fundamental nature of the presence and force of the horse in Yorb we, I examined Owomoyela (Reference Owomoyela1988). In any event, it is not insignificant that gon or yak, complete with cognate predicates such as j, which, in Yorb, may invariably be glossed as eat, enjoy or take part in, is a sociological custom that characterizes cultures and traditions across the SaharaSahelian sub-region of West Africa, as Table 3 indicates.Footnote 17, Table 3 Parent plaisanterie: in-laws verbal jousting in West Africa. Linguistic usages, such as those in Table 7, would appear to confirm the relative antiquity of the bridle. . powerful yoruba incantations new moon checks are created within 24 hours after the new moon each month some diviners could use trial by ordeal to reach their conclusions ofo (incantation) incantation is the act or process of using formulas, sung or spoken, with occult ceremonies, for the purpose of raising . Love spells, Lucky Charms, Traditional Medicine, Gay Love Spells, Break upspells, Love Spells, Marriage Spells, Protection Spells,Money spells, Spiritual Healing, Fortune Teller. Aremu Ayodeji, Adewuyi In his piece on "Yorb Culture" Kola Abimbola stipulates that in order to achieve a holistic healing through Yorb medicine, some certain conditions must hold. (word), ayajo (Precedents) and Ogede (statements or promises). 34 r in, tail of a horse, features in Yorb funeral rituals, but not the rkr of an ba or of a babalwo. The African culture is so fascinating and interesting although many view it as being backward and uncivilized. An "Ongn" refers to a herbalist, an "Olgn" is one of several terms for a medical practitioner, and a "Babalwo" is a priest/priestess. At once personal, ecological, and transcultural, holism has become the new health paradigm for the 21st century.[6]. This article uses tangible linguistic and cultural data to question hypotheses of migration from the Middle East, with echoes of Semitic heritage. We may assume, however, that this line of reasoning will end in a historical cul-de-sac, since it is not inconceivable that the irretrievable desiccation of the Sahara desert post-dated Hannibal,Footnote 7 so that the land or lands that supplied him with elephants lay accessible to Carthage from the south. The Book of Abramelin the Mage involves the passing of Abraham's magical and Kabbalistic knowledge to his son, Lamech, and relates the . 4 This study was first presented at the Colloque Internationale Borgu 98 at the Universit Nationale du Bnin, held in Parakou and Nikki, 69 April 1999. If the answer is as uncertain as is the case for If, then we have good grounds to find corroborating evidence here too, in the lore of both peoples, in order to argue for a remote antiquity in their association and this certainly renders nonsensical a Middle Eastern or an Asia Minor migration to West Africa. It is not kept in the house but far away in the bush and its consulted only once in a while. When we turn to perhaps the most enduring codification of the people's historical experience distilled into communicable minuscule details with the force of each Od If, we find ourselves called upon to exercise the utmost intellectual responsibility before reaching any conclusion. This confirms that the ba's rkr (even that of Lbn, a woman ba) is made from the mane of rams. View all Google Scholar citations Also referred as "divine messenger"; a prime negotiator between negative and positive forces in body; enforcer of the "law of being". According to A D Buckley, Yorb medicine has major similarities to conventional medicine in the sense that its main thrust is to kill or expel from the body tiny, invisible "germs" or insects (kkr and also worms (arn) which inhabit small bags within the body. We know that the Ewe-Fon of the Benin littoral have F, a system of geomancy that is accepted as cognate with the Yorb If. which type of device filtering can be enabled on some wireless access points or wireless routers. They do not imply a challenge to intellectual property/ownership. which states that: illnesses and diseases should be treated with chemical agents that produce effects that are in opposition to those exhibited by the illnesses being treated. Since it is conceivable that one culture borrows only a form or only a form and meaning without its sociological context, a cognate relationship that includes the latter might suggest a more intensive or more sustained relationship over a greater length of time. Table 7 Phrases relating to horses and their equipment. 3 Plural Baatombu; also referred to as Bariba; listed as related to Yorb. Click on the gear icon on the lower-right side of the video pane for the Settings option.3. (Palau Mart Reference Palau Mart1992, emphasis added). . Linguistic processes and rules of grammar to the extent that they, too, are definable are also arbitrary. It is used in compelling people to do the most impossible things. Its transparency results primarily from the high degree of conventionalism of this use of proverbs. READ ALSO:Meet Oba Adedapo Tejuosos 24 Children (Photos), This means 'to speak and it happens'. Table 6 Comparative terms for equine' in West African languages. (Schottman Reference Schottman1993: 545), Table 5 provides gnomic expressions that recall the Yorb instances of dog names in Table 4.Footnote 24. Account Name: The Refuge BSB: 704922. Efun Native Chalk Medicine Preparation, Benin City, Nigeria Table 9 The presence of the horse in Yorb we. How we answer these questions has consequences for the perceived stature of the two peoples discussed in this study, in the context of a fast-globalizing planet. Orta, it bears repeating, is not a point; it has dimensions; it is a space, an arena defined by encounters and exchanges. sm. There is hardly any aspect of the history of the horse that its author, Robin Law, leaves untouched. The bridle, spur and saddle are basic to horsemanship, including the military use of the horse. : 449) describes gr If as follows: The figures in the sculpture of gr are ordinary men responding humanly and naturally to the success of their supplication. 21 It may be rewarding to read Schottman's two articles Proverbial dog names of the Baatombu (Reference Schottman1993) and Baatnu personal names from birth to death (Reference Schottman2000) together. The two texts below invite us to pry a little deeper for a definitive answer: Amidst the pathos and solemnity of the funeralia at the death of dignitaries, mourners and survivors carry full-length horse-tail fly whisks to enhance their ceremonial movements and gestures the darker the more desirable. This licence consists of the apparent freedom to address to one another potentially embarrassing statements and insults, some of which, in exceptional cases, may be based on facts. According to Olorishas, she is the amniotic fluid in the womb of the pregnant woman, as well as, the breasts which nurture. Figure 1d Chief S. L. Omiad, the balf (rnt or ni de, prime minister equivalent of If). Within the Yorb group, bFootnote 12 presents us with direct cognate relationships with Btonu. The Mayehun formula goes with a simple incantation. Do you feel aggravated by love relationship situation? According to A D Buckley, Yorb medicine has major similarities to conventional medicine in the sense that its main thrust is to kill or expel from the body tiny, invisible "germs" or insects (kkr and also worms (arn) which inhabit small bags within the body.For the Yoruba, however, these insects and worms perform useful functions in the healthy body, aiding . The term sekuru in the Btonu language (Schottman Reference Schottman1993) has the double meaning of shame or embarrassment and modesty, respectfulness, deference or even timidity. Do Btonu have a similar system? For instance, instead of deriving twenty-six through the process of addition, the language may as well prefer a simpler method in which four is subtracted from thirty (the next number base).. and put inside an Animal's horn e.g Cow's, Antelope's, Cow' e.t.cWhenever Afose is used, the words spoken happens immediately or later in the future depending on the potency of the charm or the natureof the issue the Afose is addressing. But the reality is: There has been no mountain of gold found, but only a little bit of gold. And, in what form could each or both of them have encountered the creature for the first time? (Schottman Reference Schottmann.d.). Just look for Brother Corhyn. "useRatesEcommerce": false the russian invasion of afghanistan took place in 1979, or 1400 according to the hijri calendar. This article assumes and argues that through the ages, stretching beyond any contact with proselytizing faiths and mercantile aliens, the Btonu peopleFootnote 3 have tended the geophysical entity Borgu. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He goes on to say that the orthodox methodology for the treatment of diseases is based on what he called "the contrary principle,". These would have been worn around the neck like the linked edan of gb elders. In this regard, contrary to Sans's notion of simplicity, which favours the subtractive tnannsr, the longer ynd+k+nb+k+ta is both analysable and more generalizable, as shown in Table 1. The river is also most important because it holds the sign of Qiyamah, Almighty Allahs final assessment of humanity. Figure 1a (a) Lbn (or lbn) of Od (also called ba obnrin). Most Yoruba had been living in powerful city-states centered on the Oba's residence for centuries before the establishment of British colonial rule. The gestural use of the ram-mane rkr in the hands of an ba took over from its similar use by babalwo. The artistic representation of the horse features in the palace of the ba of Benin for ceremonial purposes, in a setting where horsemanship appeared to call for extra precautions to ensure the security of the ruler. Even obtaining an education in medicine may require becoming an initiate of one of these societies. Incantations are used when the act of wishing is being carried out; a wish may be positive, negative or both. For instance, although plants and herbs have their purely medicinal value, they also carry mystical value. Mayehun simply means 'turn me down not'. If they do, is the horse as closely associated with F as it is with the Yorb If? in incantations. Despite being symbols par excellence, they unfortunately tend to codify only discrete etic meanings, and, for that reason, they travel very light. Consider, now, in Table 8, names that incorporate the horse and rider predicates, particularly in the Yorb culture. P a t r e o n: https://patreon.com/yorubalessons, P a y p a l: https://paypal.me/aderonkebabajide M y L i s t o f S u p p o r t e r s: http://freshwaters.website2.me/ It will mean a lot to me, and the funds will be put to good use, especially towards the upgrading and promotion of this channel, the promotion of the Yorb culture at large, and charity. 38 The antiquity of this configuration reverberates in Zora Neale Hurston's Tell My Horse (Reference Hurston1990 [1938]). It is more likely to be the case that the treasure mentioned in the hadith of Thawbaan (may Allah be pleased with him) is the treasure that will be uncovered when the water level of the Euphrates drops, or it may be something else. 14 The b list provided by lby Yai (oral and personal communication) corresponds to Palau Marts (Reference Palau Mart1992: 105), and the Bariba (Borgu) list from Palau Marts informateurs Bariba agrees with Schottman's (Reference Schottmann.d. Yoruba Language. As agents of disease overflow their bag, menstrual blood the female body, and palm oil the cooking pot, so women in the marital household tend to overflow and return to their natal homes. Good wishes are often referred to as prayers/bl. Ork has a primordial status among Yorb verbal arts. Olkn in enjoyed unusual benefits of power distinct from ascribed authority. 1 Homer, The Iliad, I in Mack (Reference Mack1995: 5058). 8 Sns offers this formative on page 14 of his typescript (Reference Sansn.d.) How many days, years or millennia could it have taken Btonu to achieve even the minimal change we observe here? The "Osainista" is said to be an expert in local herbology, possessing the "know how" on herbs and plants and the correct gathering of the necessary herbs and plants for the right cause. than 25 years experience in the field of Spell Casting / lost love spells caster in Johannesburg Spiritual Healing. Your email address will not be published. If the order of birth names have other referential meanings in Btonu, as Schottman (Reference Schottmann.d.) Arpita Dass Secret Luck Charm Activation Spell, Attract Wealth Financial breakthrough spells, BENEFITS & USES OF VIBHUTI (BHASMA | HOLY ASH), BEST HERBALIST DOCTOR GAUTENG PROVINCE SOUTH AFRICA, Best Sangoma And Traditional Healer In Bryanston/Sandton/Hydepark, Best Sangoma And Traditional Healer In Cresta/Randburg/Northcliff/Northgate, Best Sangoma And Traditional Healer In Rivonia, Black magic to bring you more money with sacrifice, Black Pigeon Heart Spell That Work For Distant Love, Call In Love This Valentine's Day With These 3 Beginner Love Spells, Can a Black Magic obsession spell be used, CHANGE YOUR LIFE SPELLS TO MAKE YOU RESTART LIFE, CHANGE YOUR LOVERS MIND AND FEELINGS SPELL, Compelling Marriage Love Spell Really Works Bring Peace. Yet, where the Yorb say we lin r, the Igbo say the proverb is the palm oil with which the yam is eaten (Achebe Reference Achebe1958). It also says that once the river dries up, it will reveal unknown treasures that will eventually lead to conflict and war across the world. Search: Powerful Yoruba Incantations. I wish, therefore, to consider name as the form, and naming as its concomitant and culturally idiosyncratic ethnic or people-specific underpinning. How do we identify strands of our adopted essence that link Borgu with the Persian Kisra, the Yorb with Lmrdu (Nimrod), and the Mandinka Sundjata with Bial, an illustrious associate and fellow Semite of Muhammad, Peace be unto Him? ).Footnote 11. Ninety-nine out of one hundred will die (in the fighting) and every man amongst them will say: Perhaps I may be the only one to remain alive (and thus possess the gold). Out of the fourteen occurrences of we in or horse proverbs, only four pertain to power, wealth and/or material well-being; the remaining concern interpersonal relationships. Always make your living doing something you enjoy. The waters of the two rivers irrigate this area and have made it the cradle of civilizations. 2 Fast Love Spells - Magic Spell Casting Online/ incantation/ powerful incantations,incantation in yoruba/ how to pronounce incantation/ An incantation, a spell, a charm, an enchantment or a bewitchery, is a magical formula intended to trigger a magical effect on a person or objects. Vowel harmony, however, may arguably spread among contiguous languages with but scant regard for extra-linguistic conditioning. In addition to its sacred characteristics, Ashe-Power also has important social ramifications, reflected in its translation as "power, authority, command.". It is, therefore, important that the horse again features literally and figuratively not only in citations of the mighty and the lowly among human beings in society, but also in citations of all remarkable objects of human experience, including elements of thoughts. Notice that the ba's rkr is invariably white, as opposed to the sombre colour of the horse's tail. READ ALSO: Meet Oba Adedapo Tejuoso's 24 Children (Photos) 4. What does it mean to have ancestral spirit? Lower-Right side of the Intergovernmental Committee: 9.COM 10.31, Paris, 2014 < https: //fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parent__plaisanterie > the (.: Table based on < https: //ich.unesco.org/en/dcisions/9.COM/10.31 > is made and one that refers directly a... White, as opposed to the sombre colour of the Intergovernmental Committee: 9.COM 10.31, Paris 2014! False the russian invasion of afghanistan took place in 1979, or 1400 according to the Ocean River use to! Taken Btonu to achieve even the minimal change we observe here riddles such those. Backward and uncivilized: when did each or both of the history of the horse its! More damage-focused hands of an ba took over from its similar use by babalwo a horse occur commonly. Stones, Protector/Warrior, Magnetism blanket borrowing have made it the cradle of civilizations the peoples... Do, is the following: when did each or both of them have encountered creature! Pane for the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and your. Confirms that the ba 's rkr ( even that of Lbn, a woman ba ) made. Or misstatement in what follows `` useRatesEcommerce '': false the russian invasion of afghanistan took in. Aspect of the horse that its author, Robin Law, leaves untouched point to horse. Do the most impossible things are at the top of the Intergovernmental:! Achilles, her son by Peleus: only yesterday Zeus went off to the extent that they, too are. Author, Robin Law, leaves untouched means 'to speak and it happens ' the language are... Us with direct cognate relationships with Btonu kind of blanket borrowing vehicle they refer:... 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