It was as pretty a place as I know of anywhere. . Old Mr. Collier, the school teacher, asked the blacks to permit the school boys to see the ceremony. The Wonnarua. Allan Cunningham (16/4/1825) had noted this plant growing on and below a ridge just north of Denman. At Port Stephens they called it the poombit though generally it is spoken of as the bora. On the flat there was an oval cleared space with a banked-up margin, and in the centre of it a heaped-up conical shaped fire. Within the cleared space, and on one side of it was a crude wooden effigy, colored vividly with some red pigment, having a cross-piece for arms, and a striking head-dress of grass and bark similar to the pattern used by the blacks when stalking kangaroos. stream Baime has his arms stretched open protecting the Valley. Inland from the Awabakal was the Geawegal tribe, whose country was part of the valley of the Hunter River, extending to each lateral watershed and from twenty to thirty miles along the valley on each side of Glendon. The canoes were greatly prized by them and were so fragile that they would not stand rough usage. The Blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and Gresford. The women belonging. Free, in-person guidance at any one of over 5,000 FamilySearch centers. The mothers of the novices stand in a row facing the fire, the other women being behind them (Fig. The Gloucester Advocate (NSW : 1905 - 1954) Tue 7 Mar 1939 Page 4 Old Days and Blacks. There was a big fire and round it were seated the [women] who were beating possum skins stretched tight across their knees. In some vague fashion they sensed a spirit existence, but in the fifties and sixties it was generally accepted that a dead native would go down blackfellow, jump up white-fellow.. The Kweealbang Camp.-A short digression will now be made for the purpose of describing how the women are released from their prostrate position, and their subsequent proceedings. The body was dropped in sideways and after a stone hatchet and a club were placed beside it the grave was filled in and the ceremonies ended. Among themselves there were seldom any disputes or quarrels. Groups living near the Wonnarua include the Darkinjung and the Wirad The upper end of this pole is ornamented by having, a bunch of green leaves or grass tied around it. Thomas Rodwell being sworn, saidI am a free man residing at Mr. Mackenzies establishment at Williams River; Mr. M. is resident magistrate there; on a Thursday morning in April, about two oclock, I was awoke by two of Mr. Archibald Mossmans men, who informed me on the previous night they had been attacked by a party of blacks, and that they expected before they returned to the station, the remainder of the men there would be murdered by them; the distance between the two stations, is about seven miles; I acquainted Mr. M. of the circumstance, and he gave me some arms and ammunition, and told me if I could find any men on his or Mr. Mossmans stations, to take them with me, and apprehend two or three of the depredaters; I mustered seven stand of arms and ammunition; I and the two men, who came with the information there, went to Mr. Mossmans, where we obtained six other men, making in the whole party nine persons, all of whom were armed save two, and we then went to the blacks camp, which was about two miles from Mr. Mossmans station [on the opposite bank of present day Seaham], near a small creek; when we arrived there, we saw about 20 black men; we divided ourselves into two parties; a blackboy, called Lumpy, who we took with us, pointed out the blacks to us; we had seven stand of arms, which we did not conceal from the blacks; the deceased John Flynn, was not in the same party with me, but both parties were to meet before we went up to the blacks, with whom we intended to speak peaceably. The territories on which Canberra (Ngunnawal), Perth (Noongar),. The usual heap of earth on which the fire is kept burning was in the centre of this enclosure. pare the lines. They then march on quickly, and on arriving at the kweealbang they disband, the men and novices belonging to each tribe taking up their position on the side which is in the direction of their country. Learn more about this lands First Nations peoples and cultures. to retire to the river he did not notice that a badly wounded man was left on the field, until he saw a Wallamba man rush out of the scrub and kill him with a nullah. When asked by the manager why he did such a thing the Wallamba man said, I finis him, and ran off again and thus ended the battle of Gloucester, which after all appears to have been a battle of words and much abuse, and not much else. Almost every evening one of the tribes present gets up a corroboree for the amusement of the others. They had a clever and simple method of cleaning any fish they caught, and one that 1 have not seen practiced elsewhere. These stalks were soaked in water for some time, probably to remove any toxic properties that might be present and then roasted in the coals. The boys are then cautioned by the old men that if ever they tell the women or uninitiated that they have seen this instrument the penalty will be death. Of the ceremonies that they did permit white people to see, I was the fortunate spectator on one occasion, when I was about eleven years of age. The gaps between the ties of the vines at stem and stern would be plugged with clay, so skilfully introduced that the whole craft would be absolutely watertight. The manner in which the Grlngai communicated their movements to following friends was noteworthy. They were fond, too, of pets, for the place was always alive with parrots, bears, opossums, squirrels, kangaroo rats and bandicoots that had been caught in the bush and tamed to the domesticity of camplife. Lettris At 12 oclock I was sorry to hear from Baker, a stock-keeper, an-l soon after by Mr. Chas. [The] vessels enabled many a meal to be obtained by the fisherwomen when the great schools of fish were not in evidence. The third difficulty is the racist presumptions of some of these texts. The manner in which they ate fish was always a marvel to me. The upper stone was a water- worn basalt pebble flattened on one side only from use: It was used for grinding seeds, including those of the Kurrajong and it is the first I have seen from eastern New South Wales. hVmo:iNK$ ]z!C;IL}s,9,.EbxX08,vp1 X3?,XcB1#]S;4=>|e~wqbI? They never seemed to tire of the diet, and the schools of mullet yielded them more than enough for their wants during the period they would be in the harbor. It is popularly known as the Baiame Cave and is part of a series of rock shelters on an area of 80 hectares. The howling continued all the time. . three inches In length affixed at a slight angle to receive the slightly hollowed end of the spear shaft. They seemed always to regard life as a huge joke to be enjoyed to the utmost. One of a small camp of blacks about a quarter of a mile from our house died of some sickness. The iguana [goanna] is also represented by the men crawling along on the ground, moving, their hands and feet like that animal. Before doing so, however, I peered into it and saw only a piece of rock crystal. It is situated on the right bank of the Manning, a few miles from its source the source of the Manning being on the north-eastern slopes of Polblue. How he, or she, was dealt with I was never able to discover. In the days of which I speak the great bats subsisted entirely on gum blossoms and what native fruits were available In the brushes. This activity was to keep them from being aware that their boys were being taken stealthily from the kackaroo to the goonambang. At the end of the song they would burst into shrieks of raucous merriment. One of our blacks asked me to give it up but rather than part with it I decided to let them finish their celebrations in peace The initiation of the novices was a memorable and important event. It was the kinship group that moved within various allotted areas of Wonnarua lands in search of food, and it was only occasionally that these groups would meet to discuss important matters concerning the Wonnarua people as a whole. On being asked by what jury he would be tried, the prisoner replied by black-fellows ; but this of course the Court was not empowered to grant. White men never put them there. At the given signal the men would dash into the water until up to their mid. The tributary mentioned is Dog Trap Creek. He escaped the last spear at Cold Water Brush in sight of Underbank and safety. When I approached an old man was digging the grave, which was a most laborious task, the ground being very hard, and the only tools used for the purpose a tomahawk. . [8], Media related to Hunter Valley at Wikimedia Commons. Mr. McKenzie was, some four months later, accidentally killed fell off his horse while crossing the Cobark River opposite the reserve above Cobark House and his remains rest on a grassy knoll close by. The Keeparra Ceremony of Initiation. . In th e endurance of pain the blackfellow Invariably exhibited the most surprising fortitude. The attack on the solitary shepherds was tragically successful and five fell victims to the vengeance of the natives,. Further Notes on the Worimi By W. J. This Flash Tommy used to put on a long white shirt and walk up and down the town saying he was Tommy Gorton. Mr Gorton was the Magistrate at the time. Derby is a King and speaks English well. I have heard my father say when the blacks lost control of the river, the river lost its fish. But a different local Indigenous group said Indigenous oral history did not prove a massacre at Ravensworth occurred. The next morning the women proceed again to the kweealbang and light a fire. The massacre at Kiripit occurred in 35, and resulted in the death of five of Mackenzies convict shepherds. James Miller, the author of Koori: A Will to Win, writes an ancestor was from Eccleston, and regards himself as Wonnarua. In 1882, Maitland schoolteacher John Fraser wrote what he thought was an authoritative work on the Aborigines of NSW and used the word Gringai when referring to a group of Aborigines in the Dungog area but made no connection between that group and the Aborigines who lived in or around Sydney. It is said that the youths mother is custodian of the tooth and takes great care of it. The toys in our collection were acquired between 1885 and 2018, and are made from various materials. A beautiful clear, cold day. The Blacks also roast the roots and make them into a sort of cake, which they eat cold. They were all howling in company; the females more treble than the rest. But one and all appeared greatly relieved to see the boys safe and sound in the midst of the men. Take your designs to the next level. They had left the Bora ring after the first part of the ceremonies and came down to camp by the river. describes how a band of blacks stole a child, the daughter of a Mrs. Easterbrook, whose husband was a clerk of the A.A. Company at Stroud. Australia's largest language family is Pama-Nyungan. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 12 Apr 1910 Page 3 (TO THE EDITOR.). The diameters of this oval space were 28 feet and 20 feet respectively, being smaller than the oval near the camp. It focuses on nurturing the history and culture of the Wonnarua Nation, improving the health and education of its members and managing investments to sustain the Corporation's work. As I have said before, life was a joke, and the more laughter they could crowd into it the merrier passed the days. When green, if the camp needed vegetables for the menu, they were roasted and eaten In that fashion. ENRICH https://goo.gl/17pRS8. Choose from our family tree templates to design your own in minutes. lower coastal property. This seemed to conclude one de- finite part of the ceremonies, for the women were not permitted to witness what followed. FamilySearch is an international, nonprofit organization dedicated to helping all people discover their family story. I sent for the blacks to ascertain from themselves how the matter stood, and learning from themselves that F t keeps quiet a seraglio [harem] and that in opposition to the remonstrances of the husbands and tribe the women belong to I wrote a warning note to him, pointing out the necessity (if report were true) of his giving up the gins to the blackfellow. Add new content to your site from Sensagent by XML. The spelling is as was recorded by the various sources. Give contextual explanation and translation from your sites ! The remnant of this fine old tribe is sadly degenerated by contact with the whites and strong drink; but still you may find them possessing good traits of character. Swiftly punitive bands were organised to hunt them down. Of course, the whites could not for their own safety allow such an event to pass without in some way punishing the blacks, but the way they did retaliate must appear to us moderns as shockingly cruel but unfortunately for themselves the blacks were looked upon by the early settlers as vermin fit only to be destroyed. During winter would hunt kangaroos, emus, possums and wombats, fish and other animals. They will remain in custody awaiting your orders respecting them. . The Kabook and Watoo people of the Gringai clan of the Worimi Nation (The Cook family) have lived continually in the Barrington for over 189 years recorded by the first white settlers 1826, until the present Cook Family Descendants from the Kabook and Watoo people speak the Kattang (or Gathang) language and it has been recorded that they are the last of the true custodians and Clan within the boundaries of the Allyn and Williams river up stream to Gummi Falls on the Manning River known as Kummi Kummi (Place of many Crystal stones), Barrington Tops (Beann Beann), Rawdon Vale, Barrington, Gloucester up to the Manning river down to Cresford the Karuah River and the Bulliac Tugrabakh Bora Ground area, some 13km from Gloucester. Their traditional territory spreads from the Upper Hunter River, near Maitland west to the Great Dividing Range, towards Wollombi. Coola-benn, Native Chief of Ashe Island, Hunters RIver. Hall, that there was great reason to apprehend that the blacks had murdered Henderson at Worrawong, our distant cattle station. This smaller section was held in place by a binding of fibre and grass-tree gum. It required but little effort to keep the communal larder filled to repletion. The whites also got them to rob bees nests. The women and children walked to the kackaroo and were told to lie face down in the middle of the large circle. . [August 2, 1830] - the blacks at Lawlers station had made an attack on the sheep, and had speared Delaney, I immediately sent to request Mr. Donelan to. The Gringai people, a group of indigenous people of Australia, are those Aus tralian Aborigines that were united by a common language, strong ties of kinship and survived as skilled hunterfishergatherers in family groups as a clan of the Worimi people, whose traditional land is now known as the Port Stephens of New South Wales, Australia. % This pointer is left for the purpose of guiding to the kweealbang camp any tribe which is expected, but has not yet arrived. These stones are raked out of the heap of earth and ashes in the middle of the ring, and are warm, owing to the fire which is burning on top of the heap. It would be made of a long, flat piece of hardwood, pointed at one end, fitted loosely Into the ey e and made firm with a wooden wedge driven along the side. A. Cos men had sought shelter. Instinct and. Fish, as a general term, was muckeroo. Then came the individual sorts as follows: Porpoise, cooprar; shark, toorarcle; turtle, coorahcumarn; snapper, kurrang- cum; jew-fish, turrahwurrah; mullet, peewah; bream, coopere; stingray, billorn; torpedo-fish, kirrepoontoo; eel, toonang; fiathead, tarrahwarng; oysters, nonnung; cray-fish, wirrah; crab, beerah; shrimp, punnoong. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 12 Nov 1926 Page 3 OUT- RAGE BY BLACKS. Boggle gives you 3 minutes to find as many words (3 letters or more) as you can in a grid of 16 letters. Throughout the Gringai country [there] were many [aboriginal cemeteries]. It was also here at the goonambang that the boys experienced what was to be their harshest physical ordeal of the ceremony. %PDF-1.7 % Sir, I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 19th instant relative to the individual named in the margin [Cooky], and have no hesitation in saying, from the peaceable, honest, and orderly conduct of the blacks in this quarter for many months past it would be perfectly safe to return Cooky to his tribe nay I am sure it would do great good, for he is an intelligent fellow, and will communicate to his friends all he has seen - and come through since they parted, this paving the way to their future improvement, while it must ensure gratitude and good will to the whites. The Aboriginal to-day pretends to know nothing but if full trust can be established it will be found that he does know. Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation chief executive Laurie Perry said there were "tit-for-tat skirmishes" on the land, but "there was no massacre on the site or recorded massacre on the site". Having gone round in this manner two or three times, the men and women come out, and the white mob keep closing in nearer and nearer the fire - the guardians and novices being in the centre. A native was captured and executed at Dungog, near where the present Court House stands. Barrallier (1802:81-82) observed at Newcastle that the Aborigines ate the roots of Fern [which he surprised a youth in the act of collecting] and a sort of root or yam. They came upon them at Black Camp Creek and wiped out the tribe, with the exception of one black named Mundiva. With their children they were patient, affectionate and marvellously forbearing. Daily Performances at the Main Camp.- Every day the men go out hunting,, and meet each other in the evening an hour or so before sundown at the goonambang. Great care was exercised in selecting the right tree for the purpose as any fault, caused by a knot or protuberance, would spoil the value of the sheet when stripped. He used to tell us the blacks at times would what they called fuddle the water with the bark of the turpentine tree, making the fish come to the top, where they were caught by hand. The men then dance and jump about in the ring, uttering guttural noises, the men of the new mob calling out the names of a few principal camping grounds in the country from which they have come. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 18 Mar 1927 Page 5 Early Days Of Port Stephens. It was an oval- shaped piece of hardwood some two feet wide having a hand-grip on the back made of a length of vine affixed In holes made for the purpose. The kinship group was the economic and social unit of the tribe. endstream endobj 70 0 obj <> endobj 71 0 obj <>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 72 0 obj <>stream We would also like to pay respect to Elders both past and present of the Wonnarua nation and extend that respect to all other Aboriginal people. [8], An Aboriginal Australian people of New South Wales. If the earth is damp, owing to recent rains, pieces of bark stripped from the adjacent trees, or heaps of bushes, are laid on the ground for the women to lie on. Its history could impactthe future of mining in the valley. wD0I*KLWO1?g}1QEl&NJ*p"_$Jf^C?jgF7]}ry5hiTgp^oq1hz"2*,/sSY57z} >g$U0%8 Ame$H'X:PBnv%_Vg~{)>LGc{$:LqjhEY`Vu}}~Os :p*n? You'll want to decide what generation you want to start with. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. . As soon as they are covered over, the women keep up a humming noise the same as they did on the morning the novices were taken away from the kackaroo. Having made the necessary arrangements, Captain Mof- fatt, Mr. Hall and my self set off at 10 for the Gloucester, We got to Gloucester House, at 3 oclock, and received information from Macintyres station that a black there had seen the murderers and Hendersons money, etc., in their possession, and that they were now settling down, in a bush only two miles from Hendersons sta- tion. 1820. exposed pith of the under piece. Kabooks. community together, who may be called the Chief Initiator, sends out messengers to all the neighbouring tribes whom it is desired shall be present. This latter circular area was smaller. The opossum, with his pronounced eucalyptus flavor, was also esteemed a great delicacy, and these dainty little arboreal citizens received scant consideration when the tribe was on a foraging expedition. I have mentioned that the aboriginals (possessed a keen sense of humor and were marvellously clever mimics. Mack- ensie Massacre and the massacre on the Bowman River Flat. What struck him was the wonderful time they kept, and their singing at the end of every performance. The relatives of the novices now take them to some convenient place adjacent, and paint them all over with red ochre and grease. The 1923 Dutton Family Tree Mystery . They would take a fish, thrust a finger through the soft flesh just beneath a side fin, and through that small orifice withdraw all the entrails. YES, there is a family tree template on Word. I once saw a black named Charlie Dee mount a huge turpentine tree, more than 100-feet to the first limb, by simply using toe holds cut with his ready tomahawk. With these birds and animals,usually well trained, they would amuse themselves for hours, indulging in fits of mirth at the antics and feats of their pets. Very rarely did an aboriginal stoop down to pick up any article from the ground. To the blacks the name became an anathema; knew them no more (sic). Creating a family tree on Microsoft word is simple and straightforward. Explore cultural objects, art and technology in the Australian Museum's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Collection. and the only cessation was when all burst into screams of laughter. They never felled a tree, but climbed it by cutting nicks in the tree for toe holts. The sketch appeared in the Memoirs of the Geological Survey of New South Wales. "We don't have an established relationship with Glencore we have an established relationship with every mining company and developer that operates in Hunter Valley," he said. I have been to two corroborees, said Mr. Irwin. On the following morning he would accompany the men to the weengarah, or meeting place where they assemble to discuss all such matters as they do not wish the women or uninitiated youths to take part in. The other piece would be thinner, and rounded In a blunt point. The throwers had marvellous command over them, and could actually direct and control their flight in any direction. With equal reverence the [women] looked upon the small wood-pecker hailing his appearance with delight as presaging good fortune while he lingered in the vicinity, busy with his sharp strong bill seeking grubs under the bark of the trees. A troop of painted savages would bound into the magic circle, and prancing about and clash, ing thelir spears, would announce in hoarse tones that they could not find the poomblts, (the boys who were being initiated). Survey of New wonnarua family tree Wales them, and could actually direct and control their flight in direction... 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