Should it provide these Pandit settlements in the Valley with tight security, people would be keen to return home, he adds. At the minimum level, these terms would include security to life and property and, at a broader level, a consensual rehabilitation scheme.[ref]. [42] The local organisation of pandits in Kashmir, Kashmir Pandit Sangharsh Samiti after carrying out a survey in 2008 and 2009, said that 399 Kashmiri Pandits were killed by insurgents from 1990 to 2011 with 75% of them being killed during the first year of the Kashmiri insurgency. [47], There are zones set up with offices for relief. The mass exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits began. [49][50][51], The Jammu And Kashmir Migrant Immovable Property (Preservation, Protection And Restraint on Distress Sales) Act, 1997, provides that "Any person who is an unauthorised occupant or recipient of any usufruct of any immovable property of the migrant shall pay to the migrant such compensation for the period of unauthorised occupation and in such a manner as may be determined by the District Magistrate. Lalitaditya's predecessor, Ranaditya, is said to have built the first sun temple. A governor of this administration was ruling in Jammu and Kashmir. WebPersian began to be used as the court language in Kashmir during the 14th centuries, under the influence of Islam. [34] Many of the refugee Kashmiri Pandits have been living in abject conditions in refugee camps of Jammu. The security situation along the India-Pakistan border remains of great concern. An important issue of concern is security. Bal Thackeray from Maharashtra got seats reserved in engineering colleges for the children of these Pandits. WebNew Delhi: Recalling the dreadful images and horrors of the years that followed post the advent of militancy in Kashmir, Kashmiri Pandits urged the Central government to 'relocate' them to their native lands with respect and dignity and called for unity amongst the 'Kashmiri Pandits'. According to scholar Christopher Snedden, the Pandits made up about 6 per cent of the Valley's population in 1947. [11][12] Prompted by the growth of Islamic militancy in the valley, large numbers left in the exodus of the 1990s. [65] The Mata Kheerbhawani[66] temple shrine in Srinagar, considered one of the holiest Hindu shrines, saw the largest gathering of Kashmiri Pandits in the Kashmir valley in 2012. These organisations are involved in rehabilitation of the community in the valley through peace negotiations, mobilisation of human rights groups and job creation for the Pandits. Some built new homes and or moved into rented places. The Kashmiri Hindu view is that this is a disingenuous interpretation. Kashmiri Pandit Exodus 2022: I dont see myself going back to Valley again A number of Pandits working in Kashmir under the prime minister employment scheme have left the Valley after some of them were selectively targeted and killed by terrorists Samriddhi Sakunia June 19, 2022 07:04:54 IST Sanjay Kumar, the father of three minor children who worked as a bank security guard, was shot dead in Achan Sanjay Kumar, the father of three minor children who worked as a bank security guard, was shot dead in Achan Developments in the first three weeks of 1990 further fueled their fears. Several Hindu temples and houses were targeted in the city. Another cause was communal hatred that was being fuelled by the authorities of Pakistan, hate speeches were being made to incite the people of Kashmir and to encourage them to [18], Zulju, who was probably a Mongol from Turkistan,[19] wreaked devastation in 1320, when he commanded a force that conquered many regions of the Kashmir Valley. The Kashmiri Pandit community decided to leave. However, the problems of Kashmiri Pandits have not Us, Write [48] Many Orders, Circulars and recommendations have been issued for relief of Kashmiri Pandits. [62] Most families were resettled in Jammu, NCR and other neighbouring states.[63]. Sheth, the former director of the Center for the Study of Developing Societies in India (CSDS), lists Indian communities that constituted the middle class and were traditionally "Urban and professional" (following professions like doctors, lawyers, teachers, engineers, etc.) The Hindu minority in Muslim majority Kashmir shrank from an estimated 140,000 in the late 1980s to 19,865 by 1998. After their husbands killings, these women desperately sought to protect their sons from ongoing violence, even as they are largely shunned by society. Learn More. Tens of thousands of Kashmiris and Indian security personnel have lost their lives in the violence that engulfed the region. PM Rajiv Gandhis tenure ended on 2nd December 1989. The Sultan has been referred to as an iconoclast because of his destruction of many non-Muslim religious symbols and the manner in which he forced the population to convert or flee. (At The Quint, we are answerable only to our audience. Governor Jagmohan is criticised for not guaranteeing the safety of Kashmiri Pandits fleeing the Valley and for not stopping them with assurance of security. (Photo for representation) By Srishti Kaul: On 6th October, around 7 pm, I received back-to-back messages about the killing of Mr. Bindroo in Srinagar. While apprehensions over their physical security are an important reason for Pandits not returning to their homes in the Valley, there are other problems too. kashmiri pandit man Latest Breaking News, Pictures, Videos, and Special Reports from The Economic Times. The blatant electoral engineering, which disillusioned many Kashmiri youth, became a watershed event in Kashmir's political landscape and catalysed further insurgency. Instead, the notorious governor said that if the Pandits decided to leave, refugee camps had been set up for them and the departing civil servants would be continued to be paid their salaries. In the lead-up to the events of 1990, Kashmir was in ferment. Click here to subscribe for full access. They are monthly cash relief/dry ration, Prime Minister's Relief Package 2008 & Prime Minister's Dev Package 2015. [69], Kshemendra's detailed records from the eleventh century describe many items of which the precise nature is unknown. Kashmiri Hindus find themselves reliving the fear of the early 1990s amid a wave of targeted killings, but the government is keen to prevent another exodus. [68], The Kashmiri Pandits festivals include Shivratri (or Herath in the Kashmiri language) which is one of the major festivals of Kashmiri Pandits. 2023 Diplomat Media Inc. All Rights Reserved. Anti-India sentiment has undergone changes not just in its intensity but the way it is articulated. Southeast Jammu and Kashmir being the only Muslim majority state in whole of India, the protection of minorities and their living peacefully, in their homeland, is crucial for India to remain as a Secular Democratic State. [75], The Kashmiri Pandits are divided into three subcastes: Guru/Bchabat (priests), Jotish (astrologers), and Krkun (who were historically mainly employed by the government). Those who chose to the first of these were told to leave their women behind. A section of Kashmiri Muslim youth was radicalised, armed, and tutored in Islamic fundamentalism. Speaking at the programme 'Global Kashmiri Pandit Conclave: The killings of innocent natives and ethnic cleansing of the Kashmiri Pandits must be seen in the context of the deeper intent to secure the secession of Jammu and Kashmir. 1,168-crore package in 2008 by the UPA government. [13][14] Another notable feature of early Kashmiri society was the relative high regard in which women were held when compared to their position in other communities of the period. "There has been continuing lack of engagement by the government of India with the community. The 1989 capitulation to the JKLF in the kidnapping of Mufti Sayeeds daughter set the stage for the next decade. In 2020, Kashmiri became an official language in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir for the first time.. Kashmiri is closely related to Poguli and Kishtwari, which are spoken in the It is against the Kashmiri ethos, a Pandit teacher based in Bengaluru said, stressing that exclusive townships and segregated communities would deepen the divide between Pandits and Muslims in the Valley. Tension and killings in various parts of the state are ongoing phenomena. Jihad, Islamisation, secession from India, merger with Pakistan, Hinduphobia, imposition of Sharia law, Murder, arson, rape, assassinations, kidnappings, riots, Ralive, Tsaliv ya Galive (convert to Islam, leave the place or die). The lead up to the Kashmiri Hindu exodus In 1989, the then J&K Chief Minister Farooq Abdullah had ordered the release of around 70 terrorists between July It sent shock waves through the Pandit community. Consequently, riots broke out in Jammu and Kashmir. As many as 36,289 (till December 30, 2003) lives have been lost. Politician Mirwaiz Farooq of the All Jammu and Kashmir Awami Action Committee was shot dead by a militant of the Hizbul Mujahideen in 1990. Militancy was gathering momentum and anti-India sentiments were running strong. Agnihotri's rendition of the exodus, which claims that it is "based on true stories," however, makes a few glaring deviations from the facts known about the genocide of Kashmiri Pandits. However, Zulju was probably not a Muslim. [19] The actions of Sultan Sikandar Butshikan (13891413), the seventh Muslim ruler in Kashmir were also significant to the area. The revelation that a Chinese surveillance balloon entered the country's airspace earlier this month has been met with a curiously muted government response. It was at this meeting that pro-Pakistan separatist Syed Ali Shah Geelani suddenly appeared and made a passionate plea for openly supporting jihad in Kashmir. Antagonism over the Russia-Ukraine war has left G-20 host India in the unenviable position of trying to reconcile clearly irreconcilable differences. Importantly, Jammu and Kashmirs status has changed. "There has been continuing lack of engagement by the government of India with the community. Asia, Southeast By 2011, only an estimated 2,700-3,400 Pandits remained in the Kashmir Valley. In a door-to-door mission, Hindu homes were attacked, families killed, and many women raped by militants. Threats from Islamist militants in the Valley forced around 70,000 Pandit families comprising over 350,000 women, men, and children to flee their homes in the weeks and months that followed. [16][17] Mohibbul Hasan describes this collapse as .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, The Dmaras (feudal chiefs) grew powerful, defied royal authority, and by their constant revolts plunged the country into confusion. Many fell into disrepair. New Delhi has distanced itself from a controversial and unequal deal between Adani Power and the Bangladesh Power Development Board. On the day of 8 December 1989, the kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed was carried out by members of the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), a Kashmiri terrorist separatist organisation, in Jammu and Kashmir. There is little incentive for us to return to the Valley, says the Pandit teacher, drawing attention to the insecurity, lack of economic development and job prospects in Kashmir. A migrant Pandit, named K.L Koul, says that the Pandits were told that the government has plans of killing one lakh Kashmiri Muslims in order to overcome the uprising against India. He operated a meritocracy and both Brahmins and Buddhists were among his closest advisors. The efforts to resettle Pandits in the Valley in the last two decades have seen ghetto-like structures come up in various parts of Kashmir, ringed by concertina wire with heavy security, underlining that normal life is impossible. The longing to return to the Valley did not diminish over the years, though it may have become more an idea than a real ambition. Yet their return looks as difficult as it ever did. What was the UN event representatives of Kailasa attended? By then, the Pandits had begun to be targeted. In exchange for Rubaiya, five JKLF associates were freed from jails. It appears to have archaic features that suggest it is the oldest form of Kashmiri folk singing. In 2020, Kashmiri became an official language in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir for the first time.. Kashmiri is closely related to Poguli and Kishtwari, which are spoken in the "These terrorists played a role in genocide.nation wants to know," he said. In the decades since the Pandit exodus, Kashmir has seen immense bloodshed. for Us, opposition to such Pandit-only settlements. Dont miss from Explained | How Rohingya issue reached ICJ, what its ruling means for Myanmar, Changing equations in region help Pakistan get relief at FATF meet, Nirupama SubramanianNirupama Subramanian is National Editor (Strategic Affairs). The debate surrounding the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits has been reignited following the release of a film on it -- 'The Kashmir Files'. Indeed, Kashmiri Muslims have borne the brunt of the violence unleashed by Pakistan-backed militants and Indian security forces. Get briefed on the story of the week, and developing stories to watch across the Asia-Pacific. WebThe Kashmiri Pandits are divided into three subcastes: Guru/Bchabat (priests), Jotish (astrologers), and Krkun (who were historically mainly employed by the government). Happy Editing! Although the pro-independence Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) said the two men were killed because of their ties with the Indian state rather than their Pandit identity, the Pandits were not convinced. [58] and the Anantnag district, where they were 7.84 percent of the population. A lot has changed since then but the more things change the more they remain the same. According to an article by The Hindu, Kashmiri Pandits living at the Mattan transit colony in Anantnag have claimed that over 80 per cent of the families left for Jammu since June 1, 2022. More than 400,000 Kashmiri Pandits[ref], constituting 99% of the total population of Hindus living in Muslim majority area of the Kashmir Valley, were forcibly pushed out of the Valley by Muslim terrorists, trained in Pakistan, since the end of 1989 and forced to live the life of exiles in their own country, by unleashing a systematic campaign of terror, murder, loot and arson. Best of 2022: The Kashmir Files, a narrative set against the backdrop of militancy, has been held up as the truth of Kashmir by its director. It has waxed and waned over the years, as has public support for it. It was replaced by Urdu in 1889 during the Dogra rule. Kashmiri Muslims disagree. They have announced resettlement packages promising financial support and jobs for those who returned. Successive governments in New Delhi and Srinagar have attempted to draw displaced Pandits back to the Valley. Pandits have generally been in favor of Kashmirs closer integration with India. At best, the younger generation of Pandits look to Kashmir as a holiday destination. Register to create an account, unlock various features at every User Access Level and enjoy the perks of being our Certified Editor. Agnihotri's rendition then suggests that this was among the factors that contributed to the exodus on 19 January, even though the threat was reported to have been published on 14 April, three months after the night of terror. In his address to celebrate the 104th anniversary of the March 1 Independence Movement, Yoon Suk-yeol said Japan has transformed into a partner sharing common values. The Indian Express website has been rated GREEN for its credibility and trustworthiness by Newsguard, a global service that rates news sources for their journalistic standards. But within two years, the Centre broke up the NC, and installed dissident Ghulam Mohammed Shah as Chief Minister. The KPSS has placed the number of Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants from 1990 to 2011 at 399, the majority during A majority of the Pandit refugees still live in refugee camps with spiralling health and economic problems. The LG administration and the central government are primarily concerned with addressing security problems. The exodus of people from Kashmir Valley began only after then Jammu and Kashmir governor Jagmohan asked them, especially Kashmiri Pandits and Sikhs, to You are not allowed to edit this article at this level. On January 19, Kashmiri Pandits across the world observed Holocaust Day. It was on that day 30 years ago that the Pandit exodus from the Kashmir Valley began. The Hindu caste system of the Kashmir region was influenced by the influx of Buddhism from the time of Asoka, around the third century BCE, and a consequence of this was that the traditional lines of varna were blurred, with the exception of that for the Brahmins. Some emigrated to other countries entirely. Kashmiri Pandits maintain that they were driven out of the Valley by the Muslims. All three subcastes interdine and interteach, but only the Jotish and Krkun subcastes intermarry.[22]. 30 years after they were forced to flee, the return of Hindu Pandits to the Kashmir Valley remains a distant dream. Wajahat Habibullah, then a senior official in the J&K government and posted in Anantnag in 1990 as Special Commissioner, has written (Citizen, April 2015) that in March 1990, several hundred people gathered in front of his office demanding to know whey the Pandits were leaving and accused the administration of encouraging them to go, so that the Army would be free to unleash its heavy artillery on all habitations. Waves of panic hit the community, especially after a local newspaper published an anonymous message, allegedly from the Hizb-ul Mujahideen, asking Pandits to leave. A second, larger wave left in March and April, after more Pandits were killed. However, Farooq Abdullah's first stint as chief minister was short-lived; he was deseated after an Indira Gandhi-led political coup in 1984. It marked a shift in the motivations behind the militancy in Kashmir hitherto driven primarily be a separatist sentiment, it now took a more communal colour and moved towards jihad. (Or if they're ordered by the regime to create intentional tension/chaos. The flight continued until 2000. Caps were worn, as well as a type of turban referred to as a shirahshata, while footwear consisted of leather shoes and boots, worn with socks. As per the estimates, 650 Pandits were killed during this time. Harmukh is traditionally revered by Kashmiri Pandits and in 2009 there was an attempt by them to revive pilgrimages to the site. In response, Abdullah resigned on the same day and Jagmohan suggested the dissolution of the State Assembly. The two events the flight of the Pandits and the Gawkadal massacre took place within 48 hours, but for years, neither community could accept the pain of the other, and in some ways, still cannot, as each continues to talk past the other. [ref][ref][ref] Events were also held at Jagti and Muthi migrant camps. Kashmiri Pandits are a group of Kashmiri Hindus and a part of the larger Saraswat Brahmin community of India. Gul Shah formed the government with support from the Congress at the state-level as well as the central. The exodus took place at the same time that the BJP was upping the ante across northern India, and over the years, the plight of Kashmiri Pandits has become a potent Hindutva issue. While India would like the current phase of stability at the LoC to continue, it has little incentive to try to make a grand gesture toward peace with Pakistan. Enjoying this article? Just around 600 Pandit families stayed in the Valley. He also demanded that a probe be conducted to ascertain on whose orders a total of 70 terrorists were released in Jammu and Kashmir in 1989. He respected the learning of these Pandits, to whom he gave land as well as encouraging those who had left to return. The Kashmiri Muslims were instructed to identify Pandit homes so they could be systematically targeted for conversion or killing. WebThe Exodus It was 19 th of January, 1990 and days were cold and nights bitter, though there was no snow on the ground. And waned over the Russia-Ukraine war has left G-20 host India in the violence by. Controversial and unequal deal between Adani Power and the central government are primarily concerned with addressing security problems the of. Pm Rajiv Gandhis tenure ended on 2nd December 1989 62 ] Most families were resettled in Jammu, NCR other. Tension and killings in various parts of the violence that engulfed the region minority in Muslim majority shrank! 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